Construction of a Prefabricated Modular Building for a Thermal Disinfection and Decontamination Station for Pathogenicity Groups III–IV Effluents

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations have declared Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) a global crisis that threatens to undo a century of medical progress. The intensive use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming has accelerated the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella. For workers in agriculture, food processing, and healthcare, this has transformed common infections into significant occupational hazards.

According to the latest WHO GLASS (Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System) Report 2025, the situation is deteriorating. In Europe alone, 25,000 people die each year from resistant infections. Projections suggest that if current trends continue, global AMR-related deaths could reach 10 million annually by 2050, with an economic toll exceeding $100 trillion in lost productivity.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: WHO experts, including Hanan Balkhy, Assistant Director-General for AMR, have expressed deep concern over the misuse of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. While only a small fraction of COVID-19 patients develop secondary bacterial infections requiring antibiotics, empirical prescribing surged globally, potentially "supercharging" the evolution of resistance.

Economic Challenges in Antibiotic R&D: The fundamental "market failure" of antibiotics is a primary hurdle. Unlike drugs for chronic conditions, new antibiotics must be used sparingly to remain effective (stewardship), which discourages private investment due to low sales volumes.

To bridge this gap, WHO recommends a "Pull and Push" economic model:

• "Push" Incentives: Grants and subsidies to lower the cost of early-stage R&D (e.g., funding for the AMR Action Fund and CARB-X).

• "Pull" Incentives: Economic rewards like the "Netflix Model" (Subscription-based), where governments pay a fixed annual fee for access to a new antibiotic regardless of the volume used. This "delinks" profit from sales volume, encouraging conservation while rewarding innovation.